AbakwelaseNdiya eLuthela kwelakithi

abaseNdiya kwelakithi kwaZulu

Umlando ofinyeziwe

ngokuphenjwa kwebandla lamaLuthela

kwabaseNdiya kwelakithi

 Abokuqala ababelandwé kwelaseNdiya ukuzosebenza ezimobeni, emva kokuba sekuzanywe kwehlulekwa ukuhehela abakwaZulu kulo msebenzi, bafika ngonyaka we-1860, bafikela kule ngxenye yomhlaba ephakathi koMzimvubu noThukela – phakathi koKhahlamba nolwandle – okwasekuthiwa seyaba ngeyombuso wamaNgisi, kuthiwa yiNatali.

La maNdiya ayefike ngesivumelwano sokusebenza iminyaka emithathu noma emihlanu, bese ebuyela kwelakubo. Owayevuma ukuqhubeka asebenze eminye iminyaka emihlanu, umbuso wamaNgisi wawumethembisa ukuthi uyomkhokhela wona izindleko zokuphindela kwakhe kwelakubo noma umuphe umhlaba okuyoba ngowakhe kwelaseNatali.   Lesi sivumelwano ngokuphana umhlaba sahamba saze sagcina ngonyaka we-1890. Ekupheleni konyaka we-1911 basebeyi-153.000 abaqhamuka eNdiya abasebefiké ngale ndlela kuleli.   Abaningi babo – ababalelwa engxenyeni yamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili kokwekhulu (48%) – babebuyela kwelakubo emva kokufeza isivumelwano seminyaka emithathu noma emihlanu yokuqala.

Iningi labo lalikade libalekele kuleli ngoba lixoshwa yindlala kwelaseNdiya. Muva nje-ke, kusukela ngonyaka we-1875, bese kufika nabanye-nje abazimele kahle, abethembé ukuziphembela ikusasa elisha kwelaseNatali. Abanye balabo-ke babezedlulela-nje uma bethanda, baze bayozakhela enhla nezwe kwelase libuswa ngamaBhunu, elase labizwa ngokuthi kuseZuid-Afrikaansche Republik (ZAR) – phesheya kweGwa (Transvaal). Bambalwa abedlulela kwelaseXhoseni (lapho okwakuthiwa khona kuseKoloni). Phakathi nezwe – kwelabeSuthu elaselabuswa ngamaBhunu kuthiwa kuseOranje-Vrijstaat (OVS) – amaBhunu ayengafuné mconjwana-nje weNdiya, eseshayé imithetho enqabela lokho eze yachithwa zolo lokhu ngowe-1978.

Imibuso yamaNgisi namaBhunu yahamba yahamba yazivala izivumelwano zayo nabaseNdiya, benqatshelwa ngowe-1897 abazizela ngokuzithandela-nje kuleli, kwathi ngowe-1911 kwavalwa ukuyomema abazothatha amathuba emisebenzi ezimobeni.

Laba basebenzi baseNdiya babazikhoselela emaxhokovaneni nasemijondolo njengezigqili. Laba abanye ababevele bezimele kahle-ke bona bahluma, bashesha; baqala manje ukuvikela amalungelo abo nokukhononda ngobandlululo. Omunye wabakhokheli babo kwakuyinsizwa eyayiyisazi-mthetho, uMahatma Gandhi.

Amalungelo aphelele babelokhu bengawatholi abaseNdiya kubabusi bamaNgisi namaBhunu bangalezo zikhathi ababezé ngabo kuleli. Baziqhwishela abanye babo kwezolimo nezekhono kweyezandla; iningi laba mdibimunye nabazihluphekelayo-nje.

Kwezohwebo kwavama impela-nje ukuthi abanye babo baphumelele, okwahamba kwahamba akwathandeka kahle hle kwabomdabu nabo ababethembelé kulawo mathuba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwejwayeleka ukuthola abaseNdiya cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi ekhona; abanye babo sebemi kahle impela-nje.

Kusukela ngowe-1960 lo mthetho wohlupho nobandlululo owawuphoqelela ukuthi kuxoshwe `abangemhlophe´ bayolahlwa bahlaliswe kude nakwabamhlophe (i-„Group-Areas-Act“) waqiniswa eThekwini, waqondiswa nakubo abaseNdiya. Kwavela imizi emisha, oChatsworth noPhoenix.

Ngokwenkolo iningi labaseNdiya bangamaHindu ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo, kukhona iqembu elikhulu lamaSulumane phakathi kwabo nedlanzana lamaKhristu.

Ngonyaka we-1921 kwafika uMthunywa (Missionary) weNhlangano yeNtumo yamaLuthela yaseJalimane eHemansbheke (Hermannsburg Mission Society) uTim Rohwer (1864-1946) ezoba ngumfundisi webandla lamaJalimane eBishopstowe ngaseMgungundlovu.   UTim Rohwer wayekade ehlala kwelaseNdiya esebenza njengoMthunywa esizweni sakhona okuthiwa ngamaTelugu kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwemphi yomhlaba ngowe-1914. Emsebenzini wakhe ebandleni lamaJalimane ngaseMgungundlovu wayededelwa iSonto libe linye nenyanga, azame-ke ukuthintana namaTelugu ayefisa ukuwashumayeza. . NgaseThekwini kwase kwaba nebandlana elincane lamaTelugu alaliphenjwé yikholwa laseNdiya, umnumzane uMatthew, owafiké kuleli esuké ebandleni lamakholwa laseGudur kwelakubo eNdiya, elalikade lisungulwé ngabeNtumo yamaHemansbheke lapho kubo eNdiya. Leli bandla-ke lase lavakashelwa nguMthunywa uJohann naye wakwaRohwer ngesibongo (1869-1963) ngaphambi kokusuka kwempi yomhlaba ngowe-1914, naye owayesebenza kuleli, esaziwa-ke ngokuthi nguyena melusi walo.

UMthunywa uTim Rohwer wanxusa amabandla amaTelugu kwelaseNdiya ukuthi amalekelele. Amthumelela izincwadi nezingxenye zebhaybheli ngolwimi lwamaTelugu ezase zikhona ngalezo zikhathi. Aqoqa inkongozelo amnika ukuze athenge indlu eMgungundlovu lapho ayesizwa khona ngelinye ikholwa laseNdiya elase lathuthela ngapha ukuqoqa amaTelugu azoshunyayezwa. Esicelweni sakhe sokuthi athunyelelwe uMthunywa womTelugu nabelekeleli ababili walandulelwa. Le nzondelelo kaTim Rohwer yokuphemba ukholo lobuKhristu kwabaseNdiya abakuleli kungathi yaphelela ezeni.

Kwaze kwathi ngonyaka we-1962 bawusukumela futhi abeNtumo yaseHemasbheke umsebenzi wokuphemba ukholo lobuKhristu kwabaseNdiya kuleli lakithi, bathumela uGerhard Lägel (1919-1974) owayeqhamuka kwabeNtumo yaseLayphtsiki (Leipzig) eJalimane, owayekade esebenza ukushumayeza abesizwe samaThamili kwelaseNdiya kuze kube sekusukeni kwempi yomhlaba ngowe-1933. Le nkonzo yentumo kwabaseNdiya kwelaseThekwini yayiqhutshwa yiNhlangano yamaLuthela aBambisene kwelaseNatali, ngesilungu iCo-operating Lutheran Missions in Natal (CLM), usihlalo wayo okwakunguMongameli wabefundisi (uNsumpa = Superintendent) uScriba.   Wayezalelwé khona kwelaseNdiya, uyise noyisemkhulu nabo babekade bengabaThunywa; uyawuthanda lo msebenzi.

Kanyekanye noLägel uMthunywakazi uSkavang noMthunywa uIms (bobabili bengabeNhlangano yeNtumo yaseNoki/eNoweyi) baqala umsebenzi wokuphemba ubukholwa bobuKhristu kwabaseNdiya eThekwini nasemaphethelweni.  Bazigwema izindawo amaNdiya ayesehlalé kuzo isikhashana eside ngenxa yokuthi khona ayesevele ekhona amabandla obukholwa bobuKhristu.   Bagxila ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintsha njengoChatsworth noReservoir-Hills; eReservoir-Hills kwakwakhe ikakhulukazi amaNdiya azimele kahle.   Kwakuwumsebenzi onzima ukuzama ukuwaqoqa.   Ingani phela ngabantu benkolo namasiko esiHindu laba, nòma-ke kulesi sikhathi sanamuhla nakule ndlela yempilo yanamuhla nabo bezama ukuzitholela amasiko-mpilo amasha.   Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwase kuphilwa ngezindlela nangamazinga amaningi ehlukene emphakathini wabaseNdiya.

Akuthathanga sikhathi, abaThunywa bathola izikhuthali emphakathini wabaseNdiya ezazizimisele ukubelekelela.   Abanye bazo kwakungabazukulu bakaMnumzane uMatthew esesike sakhuluma ngaye abase bekade bazingenela kwamanye amabandla.   AbaThunywa babenombono wokuthi kungakuhle uma la mabandla ephembekayo kwabaseNdiya exhunyaniswa ahlobane nabaseLuthela bomdabu kwelakwaZulu nasemaphethelweni, abase baziwa ngokuthi bayiEvangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (South-East-Region), ngamafuphi: ELCSA (South-East-Region).   Lo mbono-ke kodwa wawususa uthuthuva nokuhilizisana njalo-nje, ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yombuso wobandlululo yase yafaka uvalo emaqenjini amancane emphakathini (njengamaNdiya-nje).

UMthunywa uG. Lägel wasebenza wagcina ngowe-1967, walandelwa nguMthunywa uErnst-August Lüdemann, yena owayibamba le nkonzo kwaze kwaba ngowe-1982. . EChatsworth kwaqhubeka kwasebenza uMthunywa waseNoweyi uIms, elekelelwa ngabavangeli ababili bamaNdiya kanye nenkosikazi eyayiphethe inkulisa kanye-ke nabelekeleli enkonzweni yabantwana neyentsha, usonto-skole.

Indima eyayibhekene noMthunywa uLüdemann yayihlanganisa indawo yaseReservoir-Hills neyaseAsherville. Kwaqale kwesweleka indawo yokuhlanganela, okwawenza waba nzima lo msebenzi.   Yingakho kwazanyisiswa impela-nje ukuthi kutholakale isiza neshashalazi lokusebenzela, iSenta yebandla.

Ngonyaka we-1969 leSenta eReservoir-Hill yavulwa ngokwesiko ngenkonzo eyayiholwa nguMbhishobhi weELCSA (South-East-Region), uMbhishobhi uHelge Fosseus, isezandleni lebandla iSt. John’s.   Yawenza wahamba ngconywana impela umsebenzi le Senta.   Kwakusokolwa nokho!   Ngesineke neso elibanzi kwaqhutshekwa kuhanjelwa amakholwa emakhaya awo, esingathwa kukho konke.   Kubili-nje okwakugxiliswé kukho: Ukulethela umphakathi ivangeli nokuvuselela nokukhuthaza asebekholiwe.   Yayisemqoka inkonzo, ngokunjalo kodwa-ke nemihlangano yamakhosikazi neyentsha kanya nosonto-skole.   Yilapho-ke unkosikazi kaMthunywa uAnnemarie Lüdemann akhuthala khona kakhulu ukwelekelela amaNdiya ukuphila nokuziphatha ngokuhambisana nevangeli.     Kwakubalulekile kukho konke okwenziwayo ebandleni ukuthi amalunga ebandla akhuthazwe ukuziphathela nokuzenzela, kutholwe nezikhuthali nabelekeleli.   Izitshudeni esikoleni sezeNkolo eMphumulo zazifakwa njalo enkonzweni yokushumayeza ibandla.

UMbhishobi uFosseus kanye nababhishobhi abamlandelayo kulesi sikhundla babengabakhokheli bebandla labaseNdiya.   ULüdemann wayekushisekele impela ukuthi la mabandla aphembekayo kwabaseNdiya axhunyaniswe, abhobokelane, akhulisane kanye namabandla eSouth-East-Region (okwase kuyiSouth-East-Diocese kusukela ngowe-1975) kanye namabandla amaLuthela abelungu eHermannsburg Synod (okwase kuyiEvangelical Church in Southern Africa (Natal-Transvaal), ngamafuphi: ELCSA-NT kusukela ngowe-1975).

Ngonyaka we-1968 kwasungulwa uMkhandlu weNtumo yamaLuthela emaNdiyeni. Kulo Mkhandlu kwakuhlangana uMbhishobhi weSouth-East-Diocese nesithunywa ngasinye sezinhlangano zentumo emaNdiyeni namanxusa amathathu amele amabandla kanye nabathathu abayizisebenzi zeSonto. Lo Mkhandlu wawuxhumene nabaholi beziNhlangano zeNtumo (njengabaseHemansbheke-nje) kanye „neKomidi eleNgamele kwelaseMzansi-Afrika“, ngesilungu iJoint Committee for Southern Africa (JCSA). Lo Mkhandlu wajoyina „uBanjiswano lamaBandla amaLuthela kwelaseMzansi-Afrika“, ngesilungu iFederation of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Southern Africa (FELCSA), olwalusungulwé ngonyaka we-1966.

Enkonzweni ebalulekile eyayibanjwé eChatsworth zingama29 kuJanwari ngo1984 emukelwa amabandla amaNdiya kwelaseLuthela labomdabu, iELCSA.   UMbhishobhi wabaBhishobhi beELCSA, uMbhishobhi uDaniel Rapoo, kanye noMbhishobhi weELCSA (South-East-Region), uMbhishobhi uLindinkosi Dlamini, yibona ababephethe leyo nkonzo. Ngaleyo nyanga-nje wayiqala uMthunywa uKlaus Burckhardt inkonzo yakhe emabandleni aseReservoir-Hills naseAsherville.

Emva kokuba amabandla amaNdiya esemukelwé kwelaseLuthela labomdabu, iELCSA, kwafuneka ukuthi iziza namakhaya abefundisi abekwe phansi kwesandla „seNkampani eyeLusa iziZa nezaKhiwo zeBandla lamaLuthela“, ngesilungu iEvangelical Lutheran Church Property Management Company (ELC-PMC), ngoba phela kuthiwa zisendaweni yabamhlophe. Lokho kwaholela ekutheni ivalwe-ke iCLM – sesiphelile isidingo sayo. Lokho kwenzeka emhlanganweni wayo wekhulu namashumi amabili nambili (122) zingama27 kuMashi ngo1985.   Wafika emaphethelweni umlando weminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nantathu (73). Yase ifezekile injongo yokwelekelela ekuphenjweni kwelinye ibandla lamaLuthela eNingizimu Afrika.

iBhaybheli ngesiZulu www.biblia-zuluensis.de

nguDkt. uBen Khumalo-Seegelken   25.03.2008

© Lolu lwazi siluthole ikakhulukazi emqulwini owethulwa nguErnst-August Lüdemann (uMhleli) onyakeni we-2000 osihloko sawo sithi: „Vision: Gemeinde weltweit. 150 Jahre Hermannsburger Mission und Ev.-luth. Missionswerk in Niedersachsen“, emakhasini 304-307.

5. Januar 2015 Kategorie/n: Südafrika Texte, Wissen, Können, Austausch 4033 mal angesehen